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I am pleased to announce that I am debuting a new site for teaching resources at https://anthrograph.rschram.org. Please visit and browse.

The Anthrocyclopaedia will remain for now as an archive but will no longer be updated. I will be manually moving materials from this site to Anthrograph from today, editing and updating as I go. Thanks for your visits over the many years---over 10!---that this site has been active. I look forward to welcoming you to a new teaching site.

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Ryan Schram's Anthrocyclopaedia

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societies

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4.2.2
5 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
On Monday we discussed a basic paradox that all societies face: People are mortal, but societies are immortal. When a person dies, society as a whole has to act in or... . * There is a fundamental contradiction in all societies between the social totality and the material worl... ice * Contradictions that emerge in history, when societies interact and influence each other. * Societies
3.1.2
4 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
ity is not something that one only finds in a few societies. Even societies which have created the possibility of individualism, for instance "the West," also exchange ... bligations are still present in some way in these societies because, as Mauss argues, reciprocity itself is f... ne is part of a system of total services. Yet all societies at some level are systems of total services, even
4.3.1
4 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
differences in the meaning of death in difference societies. * If you are not familiar with ritual mourning,... decisions as they did when they were alive. Many societies define death as the end of a life. In these societies, the dead do not have a say in what the living do. Why... lly responsible. People do feel this way in other societies, but we can say it is hypocognized because they l
3.1.1
3 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
ity is everywhere Gift economies are not simply societies in which there's a lot of gifts. A gift economy i... reciprocity is a "total social phenomenon." Even societies which have created the possibility of individuali... Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies*. Translated by W. D. Halls. New York: W. W. Nort
3.2.1
2 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
e **embedded** in social relationships. In many societies the **embeddedness** of value takes the form of a... Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. Translated by W. D. Halls. New York: W. W. Norto
3.3.2
2 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
he morality of economic activity One of the ways societies respond to market forces is by placing limits on ... rn "bitter money" (Shipton 1989) Market-driven societies also place some kind of moral limit on profit as
4.1.1
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# Witchcraft and sorcery beliefs are common Many societies have very similar beliefs. We can speak of these ... . Nadel, S. F. 1952. “Witchcraft in Four African Societies: An Essay in Comparison.” American Anthropologist
4.2.1
2 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
man 1983, 29). A culture A is both A and not-A Societies are made of up mortal individuals, but the struct... idence of Durkheim's main theory of society. Many societies bury people twice. * First when they die * Later
4.1.2
1 Hits, Last modified: 5 years ago
cal exchange. ## Witchcraft and deaths In many societies, death is always caused by someone's witchcraft,
4.3.2
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. In fact, the point of this lecture is that when societies practice "death choice," they also necessarily le

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