Mardi Gras: Made in China

Ryan Schram

Mills 169 (A26)

ryan.schram@sydney.edu.au

Monday and Wednesday, August 17 and 19, 2015

Available at http://anthro.rschram.org/1002/4.0

Basically what I hope to introduce this week are:

• Commodity chain
• Deterritorialization
• Time-space compression

as handy words for describing what's interesting about the global economic system.

Pieter Bruegel, 16th cent. engraver, The Feast of Fools.

A classic rite of inversion: black is white, right is wrong, social hierarchies turned upside down, violins played incorrectly, presided over by a Lord of Misrule.

Most people who come to Mardi Gras come as tourists. They don't really have to know where it all comes from. For them, Mardi Gras is about having a good time.

Now let's watch the first part of Mardi Gras: Made in China.

Turn to the people next to you and talk for a minute about your reactions to the film so far. What do you think? What is the perspective of the filmmaker? Is this persuasive? What do you want to know more about?

• Poor, rural-born, young women

What their employers say:

• This is a step up for them
• They want to improve their lives, help their families and escape the countryside
• They are hard workers
• They are obedient

One view of globalization is that the world is coming together, becoming closer. Everyone will contribute to, and benefit from, a single economic system.

Another view, the view of the film-maker, is that global commodity chains actually create greater distance between societies. Through global markets, the world is becoming reorganized into a division of labor which is very unequal.

From The Guardian, 2008

David Harvey (1990), a geographer, argues that time-space compression is a defining feature of globalization. Thanks to technologies of transport and information, every place in the world is close to every other place.

He and others point out that this means that events in far off places can have effects all around the world.

Anthony Giddens (1981), a sociologist, reads the same facts in a completely different way. He argues that globalization is defined by time-space distanciation. Economic integration means that forces beyond one person or one group's control can structure how they live.

• Deterritorialization: Social systems are not limited to one specific place.
• Reterritorialization: Global commodity chains create new social systems, new “spaces,” in which people live their lives.

Importantly, both aspects show that we need to grasp the social rules and institutions in order to understand how a global order is created and maintained.

Table 1: Four types of transformation under globalization.

The next week's lecture will introduce a key concept in anthropology: the gift. Through this concept, the conflicts and contradictions of globalization will be thrown into a new light.

Anonymous. 1942. Indians of Yellow Pocahontas with Chief at Residence of Chief Paul Joseph in New Orleans Louisiana during Mardi Gras in 1942. Louisiana Works Progress Administration Collection. Accessed June 27, 2014. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/cgi-bin/queryresults.exe?&CISOROOT1=/LWP&CISOFIELD1=object&CISOBOX1=wp003427.

Anonymous. 1970. Mardi Gras Indians Perform at the First Annual Jazz and Heritage Festival in New Orleans Louisiana in 1970 . State Library of Louisiana Historic Photograph Collection. Accessed June 27, 2014. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/LHP/id/7134/rec/11.

Anonymous. 2008. “The Internet’s Undersea World.” The Guardian, February 1. http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2008/02/01/SEA_CABLES_010208.pdf.

Apricot, Karen. 2007. “Po-Boy Fest Second Line, New Orleans.” Flickr: Po Boy Fest. Accessed June 27, 2014. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Po_Boy_Fest_Second_Line_Mockingbird.jpg.

Breugel, Pieter. ca. 1570. “The Festival of Fools.” Permanent Collection. The Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Accessed June 30, 2014. http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/the-festival-of-fools-514556.

Dana, Felipe. 2014. Rio's 2014 Carnival. Accessed June 27, 2014. http://www.felipedana.com.br/

Giddens, Anthony. 1981. “Time-Space Distanciation and the Generation of Power”. In A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism: Power, Property and the State, pp. 90–108. London: Macmillan.

Harvey, David. 1990. The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.

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