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# Societies without scale

## Societies without scale, ontologies without mereologies, Complexity contra modernity

Ryan Schram  
University of Sydney  
November 22, 2024  
  
Slides available at https://anthro.rschram.org/talks/complexity

## Segmentary order: Nested levels

{{ :descent.svg |A directed graph of circular nodes branching from a common ancestor, depicting the ordering of social functions among segments of a matrilineage.}}

Figure 1: A social order based on the principle of unilineal descent is segmentary, with segments of different levels performing distinct functions.


## A wide network based on analogies 

{{ :buuna.svg |A bimodal graph consisting of square and circle nodes. Circle nodes connect multiply to square nodes, and two circle nodes with an arc between them (indicating an analogical similarity) each connect to the same square node.}}

Figure 2: Social order is assembled by links based on analogies among elements. Similarities at one level are the basis for positing a more abstract unity, yet the bases for similarities are many.

## Different combinations of yams and humans over time

{{ :yamcanoe.svg |A three-part sequence illustrating the legendary history of the origin of yams on Duau using emoji. Yams in a canoe crash ashore, and then propagate along lines of women horticulturalists.}}

Figure 3: Yams move along chains of people. A society is merely a specific configuration of yams and humans.

## Two types of complexity 

* Type I complexity: Parts and wholes
* Type II complexity: Potential relationships established through recursive loops of feedback


## When an era of reflexive modernization ends, how should we conceptualize complexity? 

What conceptualizations of the complexity of social reality are needed for an era of deglobalization and competing alternatives to (neo)liberal governmentality?