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--- 2667:11 [2017/05/23 16:11] – Ryan Schram (admin)
+++ 2667:11 [2017/05/23 16:26] – [References] Ryan Schram (admin)
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-## Key ideas for this week ##
+## A critique of liberalism ##
+* Western societies tell a story of themselves in which the present social order represents the emancipation of the individual and a recognition of the individual's natural rights.
+* In this story, history moves from traditional institutions which limit people's freedom to a new, rational order in which people can choose their own destiny.
+* According to Marx, a liberal state governs citizens as individuals, and hence denies that they are also necessarily part of actual communities.
+* This ideology disguises the alienation which makes liberal citizenship possible and thus serves the interests of the bourgeoisie.
+* Marx's critique of liberalism is, in that sense, an extension of our critique of Western secularism from last week.
+## Civil religion
+* The question of this week--//Do liberal societies need beliefs?//--can be read as asking whether a liberal society needs to give citizens a substitute for their communal religious identities.
+* Robert Bellah: "Civil religion"
+## Blasphemy
+* The question of this week can also be read as asking something else: f there is a risk of a liberalism becoming a civil religion, is there a way we can imagine a liberal society which is safe for all kinds of religion?
+* Should liberal societies prohibit blasphemy?
+## Why might blasphemy be threatening to society?
 * "Speech acts" according to J. L. Austin.
@@ Line 44: / Line 63: @@
   * locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary
 * Fighting words, hate speech, "trigger warnings."
-* Blasphemy, and blasphemy laws.
-* Should blasphemy be illegal? Why or why not?
+## Laws against blasphemy
-* Laws against proselytism around the world (Fox 2015: 193).
-* Semiotic ideology
+  *     Proselytising by all is illegal: Bhutan, Nepal, Greece.
+  *     Proselytising to members of the majority is illegal: Algeria, Morocco, Iraq*
+  *     Proselytising is restricted: Venezuela (indigenous), Oslo (against evangelical Christians).
+  *     Foreign visas denied to missionaries: China, Costa Rica, Kazakhstan, Denmark.
+  *     China only allows proselytising in recognized places of worship.
+  *     Malaysia sets very high restrictions on conversion from Islam.
+(see Fox 2015: 193).
+## Semiotic ideology
   * Like language ideology, or the indexicality of language, register, ritual, and style.
   * More generally, an implicit cultural 'theory' of how communication works, and the connection between communicator, code, message and world.
+Communicator--Message--Code--World
+## The Danish cartoon controversy and Terry Jones
 * Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartooons controversy, September 2005 to January 2006 (University Post Newsroom 2015).
 * Terry Jones and threatened Qu'ran burning, July to September 2010 (Derby 2010).
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   * Mahmood: assimilative versus representational ideologies of meaning. Is it that simple?
   * Another case of iconophilia? The [[http://rschram.org/2014/02/10/haus/|Zurenuoc affair]] in Papua New Guinea.
 ## References ##