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| - | # Some history # | ||
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| - | ## A history of kinship ## | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ryan Schram | ||
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| - | ANTH 2654: Forms of Families | ||
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| - | July 31, 2014 | ||
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| - | Available at http:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | ## Recap ## | ||
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| - | There' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * It raises questions about human nature. | ||
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| - | * It seems to explain the social structure of small societies. | ||
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| - | * Ideas about family often reveal implicit ideas about gender and | ||
| - | morality. | ||
| - | |||
| - | * " | ||
| - | different cultures have differ concepts of family, relatives, and | ||
| - | their relationships. | ||
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| - | You should choose one reason why you're studying it. What questions do | ||
| - | you want answered? | ||
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| - | ## He invented kinship ## | ||
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| - | Many ideas about kinship in anthropology trace back to the work of | ||
| - | **Lewis Henry Morgan**. Morgan gives the first justification for | ||
| - | studying kinship as a system of a society. | ||
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| - | Every society has its own way of dividing itself into groups and | ||
| - | deciding how these groups can relate to each other. The terms we use | ||
| - | to label relatives are classifications of people. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ## Morgan' | ||
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| - | For Morgan, kinship is a " | ||
| - | |||
| - | **Consanguinous**: | ||
| - | father. | ||
| - | |||
| - | **Affinity**: | ||
| - | spouse' | ||
| - | ' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ## Set sail for kinship ## | ||
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| - | W. H. R. Rivers is another " | ||
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| - | Rivers collected information about cultures by going out on long | ||
| - | expeditions. It was a time before " | ||
| - | |||
| - | He found that he could gather a clear picture of a society as an | ||
| - | organized whole if he just asked a person to name all of their | ||
| - | relatives, and to trace their family tree back as far as one could | ||
| - | remember. He called it **the genealogical method**. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Patterns of which relative married which relative were linked to | ||
| - | different types of social institution. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ## Culture shock ## | ||
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| - | Rivers helped create contemporary anthropology based on cultural | ||
| - | relativism. For him, marriage forms like **polyandry** and **child | ||
| - | marriage** were just as strange as **cousin marriage** among | ||
| - | upper-class British families. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ## A puzzle ## | ||
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| - | Take a piece of paper and write the term. What do you call: | ||
| - | |||
| - | * What is your " | ||
| - | * Your **mother' | ||
| - | * Your **mother' | ||
| - | * Your **mother' | ||
| - | * Your **father' | ||
| - | * Your **father' | ||
| - | * Your **father' | ||
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| - | You can share answers with neighbors. How many different terms do we use? | ||
| - | |||
| - | ## X and || ## | ||
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| - | Because having two types of collateral relatives is so common around | ||
| - | the world, anthropologists use English etic (analytical) terms for | ||
| - | them: | ||
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| - | **Cross-cousins** are the children of your parents' | ||
| - | siblings. | ||
| - | |||
| - | **Parallel cousins** are the children of your parents' | ||
| - | siblings. (And...?) | ||
| - | |||
| - | ## And more ## | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{: | ||
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| - | ## The axiom of amity ## | ||
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| - | How to define kinship has been very controversial, | ||
| - | see. Many anthropologists tend to implicitly gravitate toward one | ||
| - | definition, though. It was formulated by **Meyer Fortes**, who writes: | ||
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| - | > [K]inship concepts, institutions, | ||
| - | > and categorize persons and groups. ... [T]his is associated with | ||
| - | > rules of conduct whose efficacy comes, in the last resort, from a | ||
| - | > general principle of kinship morality that is rooted in the familial | ||
| - | > domain and is assumed everywhere to be axiomatically binding. This | ||
| - | > is the rule of **prescriptive altruism** which I have referred to as the | ||
| - | > principle of kinship amity and which Hiatt calls the ethic of | ||
| - | > generosity. (Fortes 2004 [1969]: 231-232) | ||
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| - | ## References ## | ||
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| - | Fortes, Meyer. 2004 [1969]. Kinship and the Social Order: The Legacy | ||
| - | of Lewis Henry Morgan. London: Routledge. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Johnson, Lynn. 2012. Seri Cousins (Photograph). Vanishing Voices | ||
| - | Photo Gallery, National Geographic (July). http:// | ||
1.1405993134.txt.gz · Last modified: 2014/07/21 18:38 by Ryan Schram (admin)