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1002:3.1 [2016/07/21 22:21] – Ryan Schram (admin)1002:3.1 [2017/08/13 16:30] – [Moral limits on exchange] Ryan Schram (admin)
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 ryan.schram@sydney.edu.au ryan.schram@sydney.edu.au
  
-Monday, August 8, 2016+Monday, August 14, 2017
  
 Available at http://anthro.rschram.org/1002/3.1 Available at http://anthro.rschram.org/1002/3.1
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 Some things, like land, cannot be exchanged for anything, but are inherited. Some things, like land, cannot be exchanged for anything, but are inherited.
 +
 +## Relationships can be organized into spheres, too ##
 +
 +We can take the idea of spheres of exchange and apply it to the different ways people exchange: 
 +
 +* Kula valuables (bagi, mwali) are a sphere of exchange. These objects can only be exchanged for each other, and not for anything else.
 +* Moreover, one only does kula with certain kula partners, and one must keep one's kula exchanges separate from other kinds of exchanges with other people, like barter.
 +
 +## The ikpanture relationship is sphere of exchange ##
 +
 +Piot describes the relationship among //ikpanture// (friends). 
 +
 +* The way you treat your //ikpanture// is distinct from the way you treat other people. The relationship comes with certain rules.
 +* //Ikpanture// give each other the same kinds of things people buy and sell with others, but they must adhere to the rules of the social institution of //ikpanture//. The things are not kept separate, but the rules for exchanging them are linked to the people involved in the exchange.
 +* One relies on //ikpanture// to meet one's needs, but this is not always the easiest or cheapest way to meet needs.
 +* Ikpanture relationships are not //quid pro quo//.
  
 ## Two points about spheres ## ## Two points about spheres ##
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 2. Western and “modern” societies think of themselves as being dominated by money, but if you think about it, these societies have spheres of exchange too, and worry about maintaining the boundaries between spheres. 2. Western and “modern” societies think of themselves as being dominated by money, but if you think about it, these societies have spheres of exchange too, and worry about maintaining the boundaries between spheres.
  
-## Ongka redux ##+## Moral limits on exchange 
  
-* Has a bank account +Gift systems are not static or unchanging. They adapt to contact with colonial power, money, and markets. They do so in different ways. 
-* Grows coffee +
-* He has also said that cash-cropping and moka should coexist (Strathern and Stewart 2004, 133).+
  
 +One way is by quarantining money and market exchange. For instance, 
  
 +* Auhelawa market food but consider buying food to be shameful,
 +  especially seeds.
  
-## References ##+* In the past, Wedau people earned money from selling copra, and 
 +  bought steel tools, but prohibited the use of steel tools in 
 +  gardens.
  
-Andrae, Thomas. 2013. "Barks, Carl." In Icons of the American Comic 
-Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman, volume 1, Duncan, Randy, 
-and Matthew J. Smith, eds. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. 
  
-Bohannan, Paul. 1955. "Some Principles of Exchange and Investment among the Tiv." American Anthropologist, New Series, 57 (1): 60–70.+## When a gift system meets a commodity system
  
-Marx, Karl. 1867. "Chapter Six: The Buying and Selling of +When a society organized on the basis of gifts encounters a globalizing capitalist market, many different outcomes are possible. In the next lecture and next week, we will look at other possible responses: 
-Labor-Power." Capital, +
-vol 1. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch06.htm+
  
-Mauss, Marcel. 2000 [1925]. The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. Translated by W. D. Halls. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.+  * Separation, tension, and conflict 
 +  * Efflorescence 
 +  * Transformation
  
-Strathern, Andrew, and Pamela Stewart. 2004. Empowering the Past, 
-Confronting the Future: The Duna People of Papua New 
-Guinea. Basingstoke, Eng.: Palgrave Macmillan. 
  
-Voltaire. 2006 [1759]. Candide. Project + 
-Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19942/19942-h/19942-h.htm.+ 
 +## References ## 
 + 
 +Bohannan, Paul. 1955. "Some Principles of Exchange and Investment among the Tiv." American Anthropologist, New Series, 57 (1): 60–70. 
 + 
 +Mauss, Marcel. 2000 [1925]. The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. Translated by W. D. Halls. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.