1002:2018:3.2
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+ | ~~DECKJS~~ | ||
+ | # Develop-man # | ||
+ | ## Develop-man ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ryan Schram | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mills 169 (A26) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ryan.schram@sydney.edu.au | ||
+ | |||
+ | August 16, 2017 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Available at http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## What happens when a gift system encounters a market economy? ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | When societies which are largely integrated through gifts encounter the market principle, many things can happen: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * People can strive to segregate money in a separate sphere. | ||
+ | * Auhelawa people sell garden food, but believe that buying yam seeds is shameful. | ||
+ | * Wamira people prohibit the use of metal tools and wearing manufactured clothing in taro gardens (Kahn 1986, xi). | ||
+ | * People can also convert money and bought items into a new kind of gift. | ||
+ | * Ongka (of Kawelka) includes money, a truck and motorbikes - bought with the proceeds from his followers' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Ongka redux ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | So now we can see Ongka in a new light. He's not a living fossil. He | ||
+ | straddles two worlds. He makes money from selling coffee, and he keeps | ||
+ | a cycle of moka going too. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Has a bank account | ||
+ | * Grows coffee | ||
+ | * He has also said that cash-cropping and moka should coexist | ||
+ | (Strathern and Stewart 2004, 133). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ongka and other big men draw on money earned in markets to make bigger | ||
+ | gifts. Money has led to the **efflorescence** of the moka system. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Uncle Scrooge in the Land of Tralla La ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Talk pigeon? ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | Papua New Guinea Pidgin (*Tok Pisin*) is sometimes called | ||
+ | Neo-Melanesian English. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **//pait// (v.): fight, strum.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Man i paitim gita.** //The man strums the guitar.// | ||
+ | |||
+ | **//stap// (v.): stop, be.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Ol i stap long Mosbi.** //They are in Port Moresby.// | ||
+ | |||
+ | **//rot// (n.): road, road, way, method, plan, strategy.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Husat save rot?** //Who knows the way?// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Develop-man ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | "The first commercial impulse of the local people is not to become | ||
+ | just like [the West], but more like themselves" | ||
+ | |||
+ | As a Kewa leader once told an anthropologist (paraphrase): | ||
+ | what we mean by ' | ||
+ | [a village community], a men's house, and killing pigs. This we have | ||
+ | done" (quoted in Sahlins 1992, 14). | ||
+ | |||
+ | "// | ||
+ | all about" (Sahlins, 1992, 14). | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ## When a gift system meets a commodity system | ||
+ | |||
+ | When a society organized on the basis of gifts encounters a globalizing capitalist market, many different outcomes are possible. In the next lecture and next week, we will look at other possible responses: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Separation, tension, and conflict | ||
+ | * Efflorescence | ||
+ | * Transformation | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ## The two traps ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The trap of nostalgia: Cultures are dying. | ||
+ | * The trap of modernism: Everything is getting better. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Positive thinking ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | Positive thinking has deep roots in Western culture, going back to the | ||
+ | Enlightenment: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * There is a reason for all of this. | ||
+ | * Everything is getting better. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Yet there has also been a *critical tradition* in Western culture | ||
+ | which has been skeptical of this. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## Voltaire' | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * There is no effect without a cause, and | ||
+ | * All is for the best in, this, the best of all possible worlds. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For Doctor Pangloss, there is no other way that things could turn out | ||
+ | |||
+ | * "Legs are visibly designed for stockings--and we have stockings." | ||
+ | * "Pigs were made to be eaten--therefore we eat pork..." | ||
+ | |||
+ | ## What's next ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | * We look more closely at buying and selling | ||
+ | - Capitalist societies make buying and selling possible | ||
+ | - [[:Karl Marx]] provides a social theory of capitalism and its rules | ||
+ | - Capitalism is organized into classes, and people of each class play distinct social roles | ||
+ | - Capitalism is contradictory. It alienates value from workers to benefit owners, but it also needs people to belong to a social whole based on interdependence and reciprocity. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you would like to learn more about Marxism, visit: | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | *Capital*, and other key writings of Marx and Engels. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ## References ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | Andrae, Thomas. 2013. " | ||
+ | Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman, volume 1, Duncan, Randy, | ||
+ | and Matthew J. Smith, eds. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kahn, Miriam. 1993 [1986]. Always Hungry, Never Greedy: Food and the Expression of Gender in a Melanesian Society. Long Grove, Ill.: Waveland Press. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nairn, Charlie. 1976. Ongka’s Big Moka. Granada Television. http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sahlins, Marshall. 1992. "The Economics of Develop-Man in the Pacific." | ||
+ | |||
+ | Strathern, Andrew, and Pamela Stewart. 2004. Empowering the Past, | ||
+ | Confronting the Future: The Duna People of Papua New | ||
+ | Guinea. Basingstoke, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Voltaire. 2006 [1759]. Candide. Project | ||
+ | Gutenberg. http:// | ||
+ | . | ||
+ | ## A guide to the unit ## | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{page> |
1002/2018/3.2.txt · Last modified: 2020/01/25 15:28 by 127.0.0.1