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--- 1001:2021:12 [2021/05/18 18:17] – Ryan Schram (admin)
+++ 1001:2021:12 [2021/05/25 16:38] (current) – Ryan Schram (admin)
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   * A culture shapes how people use language to communicate
-    * Cultures impose symbolic categories on different ways of speaking: some words are obscene, some topics are impolite to discuss with strangers.
+    * Cultures impose symbolic categories ([[:emic and etic|emic categories]]) on different ways of speaking: some words are obscene, some topics are impolite to discuss with strangers.
     * Cultures also identify forms of conversation, and these forms imply roles and relationships for the participants.
       * interrogation
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 The Malinowskian model of fieldwork makes the ethnographic fieldworker sound like an explorer who leaves home and crosses the threshold between one cultural world and another.
-But all fieldworkers rely on partners who facilitate their work. It is common for fieldworkers and other people with the same experience of culture shock to find each other, because they both have learned to see their own societies in relative terms.
+But all fieldworkers rely on [[:key informants|partners]] who facilitate their work. It is common for fieldworkers and other people with the same experience of culture shock to find each other, because they both have learned to see their own societies in relative terms.
   * Example: Mari, a friend of John Layard, who had recently returned from plantation work.
+===== The fieldworker is a double being =====
+Lots of people collect qualitative observations and use interviews as methods, but anthropologists are different because their position is always dual.
+* An ethnographic researcher is a fieldworker who observes and an "adopted" member of a community.
+* Ethnographic fieldworkers have a research question they seek to answer, but they also give up a certain degree of control over what they do and how they do it when they immerse themselves in a community as a field.
+* Ethnographic fieldworkers are observers of people but they are also students, and social and intellectual inferiors, of those same people they observe.
 ===== The ethics of research on human subjects =====
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 Bell, Kirsten. 2014. “Resisting Commensurability: Against Informed Consent as an Anthropological Virtue.” American Anthropologist 116 (3): 511–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12122.
+Briggs, Charles L. 1984. “Learning How to Ask: Native Metacommunicative Competence and the Incompetence of Fieldworkers.” Language in Society 13 (1): 1–28.
 Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1932 (1922). Argonauts of The Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd. http://archive.org/details/argonautsofthewe032976mbp.