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--- 1001:2020:2.3.0 [2020/04/03 00:52] – [People have the right to say no] Ryan Schram (admin)
+++ 1001:2020:2.3.0 [2020/04/03 00:55] (current) – [Ethnographic refusal] Ryan Schram (admin)
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 ### Ethnographic refusal
-* Some argue that the "primitive isolate" image in ethnography is not only a distortion, but represents a an ethical failure of anthropologists to document and critique forms of inequality and oppression experienced by the people they study. Sherry Ortner, a symbolic anthropologist, noticed this and gave it a name: "ethnographic refusal." When she writes about "ethnographic refusal," Ortner means specifically the refusal by an anthropologist to emphasize the emic perspective over an etic perspective (Ortner 1995)
+* Some argue that the "primitive isolate" image in ethnography is not only a distortion, but represents an ethical failure of anthropologists to document and critique forms of inequality and oppression experienced by the people they study. Sherry Ortner, a symbolic anthropologist, noticed this and gave it a name: "ethnographic refusal." When she writes about "ethnographic refusal," Ortner means specifically the refusal by an anthropologist to emphasize the emic perspective over an etic perspective (Ortner 1995)
    * Ortner's concept of ethnographic refusal is when an anthropologist foregrounds the effects of colonialism and integration with the global system of capitalism as an explanation for people's contemporary life, and refuses to look at these experiences in emic terms as part of a particular worldview.
    * One example is the way people talk about so-called "cargo cults" in PNG. Are they an example of "episodic time" or do they represent people's resistance to colonial domination (Errington 1974, McDowell 1988, Kaplan 1995, Billings 2002, Jebens 2004)?
-* More recently, scholars have revived this terms and argued for a positive interpretation of refusal. When they use the term, they mean refusal to represent specific topics in pubilshed academic ethnographic writings, and instead collaborate with their informants on ways to for them to speak for themselves and create knowledge about themselves that is valuable for their community (Simpson 2007)
+* More recently, scholars have revived this label and argued for a positive interpretation of refusal. When they use the term, they mean refusal to represent specific topics in pubilshed academic ethnographic writings, and instead collaborate with their informants on ways to for them to speak for themselves and create knowledge about themselves that is valuable for their community (Simpson 2007)
    * Intellectual ownership or "copyright"
    * Secrecy